What is Hypertension in Pregnancy?

By William Wallace

The most common problem to occur during your pregnancy is pregnancy induced hypertension. Two to three percentage of pregnant ladies experience pregnancy induced hypertension, statistics say.

Katie Hansen, residing in El Monte, California, got pregnancy induced hypertension when she was pregnant the fourth time. The discovery happened during her third prenatal checkup.

On this occasion she learnt that among the factors that increase the likelyhood of pregnancy induced hypertension are: first pregnancy, a family medical history of preeclampsia affecting the firts-degree relatives, and a period of less than 2 years or more than 10 years.

Additional factors that raise the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension are chronic hypertension, diabetes with microvascular disease, renal disease, thrombophilia and obesity.

Pregnancy induced hypertension might not cause any symptoms. However, it can cause visual disturbances like scintillations (flashes of light) and scotomata (blind spots) - probably from spasm of cerebral arteries, upper abdominal pain from swelling and inflammation of the liver and rapid weight gain. Upper abdominal pain might suddenly occur and is usually constant and fairly severe. Headaches are often in the front, throbbing and similar to migrane headaches.

The problem with pregnancy induced hypertension is that it may trigger thromboembolism (blood clots), strokes, seizures, aggravation of the liver which can lead to liver failure, kidney failure, protein in the urine, placental abruption where the placenta detaches of the the uterus and also the death of the mother. According to statistics, between 1991 and 1999 over 15% of the deaths of women during their pregnancy had as their cause pregnancy induced hypertension.

Pregnancy induced hypertension can be split into three main categories: Chronic Hypertension, Preeclampsia and Transient hypertension.

Chronic Hypertension

Most frequently chronic hypertension has no other cause. But, it can be caused by kidney disease like polycystic kidneys, glomerular or interstitial disease, coarctation of the aorta, hormone problems such as adrenocorticosteroid or mineralocorticoid excess, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, too much parathyroid hormone or even using oral contraceptives.

Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia has no known cause. The factor that is responsible for this condition is a problem of the inside lining of the blood vessels, that is what we know. This determines the blood vessels to spasms. As the diameter of the arteries reduces, the blood pressure raises. Another problem it causes is that the blood vessels leak which causes them to swell. These put in danger the brain, lungs and kidneys. Also the baby can be negatively affected because, due to these changes, the blood flow is decreased.

Transient hypertension

The higher pressure of blood, named transient hypertensio, occurs in the later part of the pregnancy. After women give birth, their blood pressure comes back to its previous normal value. The only serious risk is that it can increase the possibility of having high blood pressure later on.

One more reason to keep the normal program of visits at your doctor is this condition called pregnancy induced hypertension. - 33375

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